Essay --

Behind the People The way an author writes can help you decide whether a character is good or bad, smart or stupid, or liked or hated. In the late 1840s, Nathaniel Hawthorne writes, â€Å"She thought of the dim forest, with its little dell of solitude, and love, and anguish, and the mossy tree-trunk† (187). The question gathered from the Scarlet Letter is as follows: Can authors give settings the same personified traits authors give characters? While the captivating characters of The Scarlet Letter play an important part of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s book, society and nature represent equally as vital role- society is portrayed as evil, whereas nature is portrayed as good. The town, in which Hester is first imprisoned and then held in front of the residents of the community, exemplifies the evilness that puritan society holds. Hawthorn notes that â€Å"the door of which was heavily timbered with oak, and studded with iron spikes† (41). The first paragraph of the story itself tells of the prison doors’ strong and intimidating purpose. Surrounded by the people of the Puritan Society is the scaffold. A public humiliation place where sinners are forced to climb upon, Hester is seen standing on the scaffold in every scene it appears in. Standing alone on the scaffold, the first time it is mentioned, is Hester and Pearl. Dimmesdale watches her stand in shame with the other fathers who sit in judgment of Hester. The scaffold separates Dimmesdale and Hester from one another. hen Dimmesdale asks Hester to speak of the man who has sinned with her, Hester, even though she must go through this suffering alone, refuses the name of he who has sinned, for fear of having Dimmesdale live a life of scorn and scrutiny with her upon the scaffold. Another exampl... ... (159) when she took off the sinful letter. Preferring the forest as a meeting place between Dimmesdale and herself, the forest behaves as a form of protection against society. Hester and Dimmesdale are able to speak freely of their sins, and their plans to run away together, while in the puritan society, Dimmesdale is unable to speak about his relationship with Hester and Pearl. Although Hester spent an equal amount in both society and nature, she tended to favor nature because of its protective and free atmosphere. Hester is relatable more to nature than society because of her free-willed spirit, and her will to survive against the puritan society. The good characteristics of nature are much like that of Hester, while society is more evil like Chillingworth. Because of this, the settings in The Scarlet Letter can be personified and given human characteristics.

New Belgium Brewing: Ethical and Environmental Responsibility

Although most of the companies frequently cited as examples of ethical and socially responsible firms are large corporations, it is the social responsibility initiatives of small businesses that often have the greatest impact on local communities and neighborhoods. These businesses create jobs and provide goods and services for customers in smaller markets that larger corporations often are not interested in serving. Moreover, they also contribute money, resources, and volunteer time to local causes. Their owners often serve as community and neighborhood leaders, and many choose to apply their skills and some of the fruits of their success to tackling local problems and issues that benefit everyone in the community. Managers and employees become role models for ethical and socially responsible actions. One such small business is the New Belgium Brewing Company, Inc. , based in Fort Collins, Colorado. History of the New Belgium Brewing Company The idea for the New Belgium Brewing Company began with a bicycling trip through Belgium. Belgium is arguably the home of some of the world’s finest ales, some of which have been brewed for centuries in that country’s monasteries. As Jeff Lebesch, an American electrical engineer, cruised around that country on his fat-tired mountain bike, he wondered if he could produce such high-quality beers back home in Colorado. After acquiring the special strain of yeast used to brew Belgian-style ales, Lebesch returned home and began to experiment in his Colorado basement. When his beers earned thumbs up from friends, Lebesch decided to market them. The New Belgium Brewing Company (NBB) opened for business in 1991 as a tiny basement operation in Lebesch’s home in Fort Collins. Lebesch’s wife, Kim Jordan, became the firm’s marketing director. They named their first brew Fat Tire Amber Ale in honor of Lebesch’s bike ride through Belgium. New Belgium beers quickly developed a small but devoted customer base, first in Fort Collins and then throughout Colorado. The brewery soon outgrew the couple’s basement and moved into an old railroad depot before settling into its present custom-built facility in 1995. The brewery includes an automated brewhouse, two quality assurance labs, and numerous technological innovations for which New Belgium has become nationally recognized as a â€Å"paradigm of environmental efficiencies. † Today, New Belgium Brewing Company offers a variety of permanent and seasonal ales and pilsners. The company’s standard line includes Sunshine Wheat, Blue 1  © O. C. Ferrell 2006. We appreciate the work of Nikole Haiar in helping draft the previous edition of this case, and Melanie Drever who assisted in this edition. This case was prepared for classroom discussion, rather than to illustrate either effective of ineffective handling of an administrative, ethical or legal decision by management. All sources used for this case were obtained through publicly available material and the New Belgium website. Paddle Pilsner, Abbey Ale, Trippel Ale, 1554 Black Ale, and the original Fat Tire Amber Ale, still the firm’s best-seller. Some customers even refer to the company as the Fat Tire Brewery. The brewery also markets two types of specialty beers on a seasonal basis. Seasonal ales include Frambozen and Abbey Grand Cru, which are released at Thanksgiving, and Christmas and Farmhouse Ale, which are sold during the early fall months. The firm occasionally offers one-time-only brews, such as LaFolie, a wood-aged beer, which are sold only until the batch runs out. Until 2005, NBB’s most effective form of advertising has been its customers’ word of mouth. Indeed, before New Belgium beers were widely distributed throughout Colorado, one liquor store owner in Telluride is purported to have offered people gas money if they would stop by and pick up New Belgium beer on their way through Ft. Collins. Although New Belgium beers are distributed in just one-third of the United States, the brewery receives numerous e-mails and phone calls every day inquiring when its beers will be available elsewhere. With expanding distribution, however, the brewery recognized a need to increase its opportunities for reaching its far-flung customers. It consulted with Dr. David Holt, an Oxford professor and branding expert. After studying the young company, Holt, together with Marketing Director Greg Owsley, drafted a 70-page â€Å"manifesto† describing the brand’s attributes, character, cultural relevancy, and promise. In particular, Holt identified in New Belgium an ethos of pursuing creative activities simply for the joy of doing them well and in harmony with the natural environment. With the brand thus defined, New Belgium went in search of an advertising agency to help communicate that brand identity; it soon found Amalgamated, an equally young, independent New York advertising agency. Amalgamated created a $10 million advertising campaign for New Belgium that targets high-end beer drinkers, men ages 25 to 44 and highlights the brewery’s image as being down to earth. The grainy ads focus on a man rebuilding a cruiser bike out of used parts and then riding it along pastoral country roads. The product appears in just five seconds of each ad between the tag lines, â€Å"Follow Your Folly †¦ Ours Is Beer. † The ads helped position the growing brand as whimsical, thoughtful, and reflective. In addition to the ad campaign, the company maintained its strategy of promotion through event sponsorships. New Belgium Ethical culture According to Greg Owsley Director of Marketing for New Belgium Brewing beyond a desire for advertising and promotion ethics there is a fundamental focus on the ethical culture of the brand. Although consumer suspicion of business is on fully raised eyebrow, those in good standing- as opposed to those trading on hype- are eyed with iconic-like adoration. From this off polarization comes a new paradigm in which businesses that fully embrace citizenship in the community they serve can forge enduring bonds with customers. Meanwhile, these are precarious times for businesses that choose to ignore consumer's looking at brands from an ethical perspective. More than ever before, what the brand says and what the company does must be synchronized. NBB believes the mandate for corporate social responsibility gains momentum beyond the courtroom to the far more powerful marketplace, any current and future manager of business must realize that business ethics are not so much about the installation of compliance codes and standards as they are about the spirit in which they are integrated. Thus, the modern-day brand steward- usually the most externally focused member of the business management team- must prepare to be the internal champion of the bottom line necessity for ethical, values-driven company behavior. At New Belgium, a synergy of brand and values occurred naturally as the firms ethical culture- in the form of core values and beliefs- and was in place long before NBB had a marketing department. Back in early 1991, New Belgium was just a home-brewed business plan of Jeff Lesbesch, an electrical engineer, and his social worker wife, Kim Jordan. Before they signed any business paperwork, the two took a hike into Rocky Mountain National Park. Armed with a pen, and a notebook they took their first stab at what the fledgling company's core purpose would be. If they were going forward with this venture, what were their aspirations beyond profitability? What was the real root cause of their dream? What they wrote down that spring day, give or take a little wordsmithing, was the core values and beliefs you can read on the NBB website today. More important, ask just about any New Belgium worker, and she or he can list for you many, if not all, these shared values and can inform you which are the most personally poignant. For NBB branding strategies are as rooted in our company values as in other business practices. New Belgium’s Purpose and Core Beliefs New Belgium’s dedication to quality, the environment, and its employees and customers is expressed in its mission statement: â€Å"To operate a profitable brewery which makes our love and talent manifest. † The company’s stated core values and beliefs about its role as an environmentally concerned and socially responsible brewer include: .  ¦ Producing world-class beers .  ¦ Promoting beer culture and the responsible enjoyment of beer .  ¦ Continuous, innovative quality and efficiency improvements .  ¦ Transcending customers’ expectations  ¦ Environmental stewardship: minimizing resource consumption, maximizing energy efficiency, and recycling .  ¦ Kindling social, environmental, and cultural change as a business role model .  ¦ Cultivating potential: through learning, participative management, and the pursuit of opportunities .  ¦ Balancing the myriad needs of the company, staff, and their fami lies .  ¦ Committing ourselves to authentic relationships, communications, and promises .  ¦ Having Fun. Employees, believe that these statements help communicate to customers and ther stakeholders what New Belgium, as a company, is about. These simple values developed 15 years ago are just as meaningful to the company and its customers today even though there has been much growth. Employee Concerns Recognizing employees’ role in the company’s success, New Belgium provides many generous benefits. In addition to the usual paid health and dental insurance and retirement plans, employees get a free lunch every other week as well as a free massage once a year, and they can bring their children and dogs to work. Employees who stay with the company for five years earn an all-expenses paid trip to Belgium to â€Å"study beer culture. † Perhaps most importantly, employees can also earn stock in the privately held corporation, which grants them a vote in company decisions. New Bel-gium’s employees now own one-third of the growing brewery. Open book management lets employees see the financial costs and performance. Environmental Concerns New Belgium’s marketing strategy involves linking the quality of its products, as well as their brand, with the company’s philosophy toward affecting the planet. From leadingedge environmental gadgets and high-tech industry advancements to employeeownership programs and a strong belief in giving back to the community, New Belgium demonstrates its desire to create a living, learning community. NBB strives for cost-efficient energy-saving alternatives to conducting its business and reducing its impact on the environment. In staying true to the company’s core values and beliefs, the brewery’s employee-owners unanimously agreed to invest in a wind turbine, making New Belgium the first fully wind-powered brewery in the United States. Since the switch from coal power, New Belgium has been able to reduce its CO2 emissions by 1,800 metric tons per year. The company further reduces its energy use by employing a steam condenser that captures and reuses the hot water that boils the barley and hops in the production process to start the next brew. The steam is redirected to heat the floor tiles and de-ice the loading docks in cold weather. Another way that NBB conserves energy is by using â€Å"sun tubes,† which provide natural daytime lighting throughout the brew house all year long. New Belgium also takes pride in reducing waste through recycling and creative reuse strategies. The company strives to recycle as many supplies as possible, including cardboard boxes, keg caps, office materials, and the amber glass used in bottling. The brewery also stores spent barley and hop grains in an on-premise silo and invites local farmers to pick up the grains, free of charge, to feed their pigs. NBB even encourages its employees to reduce air pollution by using alternative transportation. As an incentive, NBB gives its employees â€Å"cruiser bikes†Ã¢â‚¬â€ like the one pictured on its Fat Tire Amber Ale label—after one year of employment and encourages them to ride to work. New Belgium has been a long-time participant in green building techniques. With each expansion of the facility they have incorporated new technologies and learned a few lessons along the way. In 2002, NB agreed to participate in the United States Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environment Design for Existing Buildings (LEED-EB) pilot program. From sun tubes and daylighting throughout the facility to reusing heat in the brewhouse, they continue to search for new ways to close loops and conserve resources. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle- the three ‘R's of being an environmental steward. The reuse program includes heat for the brewing process, cleaning chemicals, water and much more. Recycling at New Belgium takes on many forms, from turning â€Å"waste† products into something new and useful (like spent grain to cattle feed), to supporting the recycling market in creative ways (like turning their keg caps into table surfaces). They also buy recycled whenever they can, from paper to office furniture. Reduction surrounds them – from motion sensors on the lights throughout the building to induction fans that pull in cool winter air to chill their beer – offsetting their energy needs is the cornerstone to being environmentally efficient. Social Concerns Beyond its use of environment-friendly technologies and innovations, New Belgium Brewing Company strives to improve communities and enhance people’s lives through corporate giving, event sponsorship, and philanthropic involvement. Since its inception, NBB has donated more than 1. million dollars to organizations in the communities in which they do business. For every barrel of beer sold the prior year, NB donates $1 to philanthropic causes within their distribution territory. The donations are divided between states in proportion to their percentage of overall sales. This is their way of staying local and giving back to the communities who support and purchase NB products. In 2006, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Washington and Wyoming received funding. Funding decisions are made by the NB Philanthropy committee, which is comprised of employees throughout the brewery including owners, employee owners, area leaders and production workers. New Belgium looks for non-profit organizations that demonstrate creativity, diversity and an innovative approach to their mission and objectives. The Philanthropy committee also looks for groups that involve the community to reach their goals. NBB also maintains a community bulletin board in its facility where it posts an array of community involvement activities and proposals. This community board allows tourists and employees to see the different ways they can help out the community, and it gives nonprofit organizations a chance to make their needs known. Organizations can even apply for grants through the New Belgium Brewing Company Web site, which has a link designated for this purpose. NBB also sponsors a number of events, with a special focus on those that involve â€Å"human-powered† sports that cause minimal damage to the natural environment. Through event sponsorships, such as the Tour de Fat, NBB supports various environmental, social, and cycling nonprofit organizations. New Belgium also sponsored the MS 150 â€Å"Best Damn Bike Tour,† a two-day, fully catered bike tour, from which all proceeds went to benefit more than five thousand local people with multiple sclerosis. NBB also sponsored the Ride the Rockies bike tour, which donated the proceeds from beer sales to local nonprofit groups. The money raised from this annual event funds local projects, such as improving parks and bike trails. In the course of one year, New Belgium can be found at anywhere from 150 to 200 festivals and events, across all fifteen western states. Organizational Success New Belgium Brewing Company’s efforts to live up to its own high standards have paid off with numerous awards and a very loyal following. It was one of three winners of Business Ethics magazine’s Business Ethics Awards for its â€Å"dedication to environmental excellence in every part of its innovative brewing process. † It also won an honorable mention in the Better Business Bureau’s 2002 Torch Award for Outstanding Marketplace Ethics competition. Kim Jordan and Jeff Lebesch were named the recipients of the Rocky Mountain Region Entrepreneur of the Year Award for manufacturing. The company also captured the award for best mid-sized brewing company of the year and best mid-sized brewmaster at the Great American Beer Festival. In addition, New Belgium took home medals for three different brews, Abbey Belgian Style Ale, Blue Paddle Pilsner, and LaFolie specialty ale. According to David Edgar, director of the Institute for Brewing Studies, â€Å"They’ve created a very positive image for their company in the beer-consuming public with smart decision-making. Although some members of society do not believe that a company whose major product is alcohol can be socially responsible, New Belgium has set out to prove that for those who make a choice to drink responsibly, the company can do everything possible to contribute to society. Its efforts to promote beer culture and the connoisseurship of beer has even led it to design a special â€Å"Worthy Glass,† the shape of which is intended to retain foam, show off color, enhance the visual presentation, an d release aroma. New Belgium Brewing Company also promotes the responsible appreciation of beer through its participation in and support of the culinary arts. For instance, it frequently hosts New Belgium Beer Dinners, in which every course of the meal is served with a complementary culinary treat. According to Greg Owsley Director of Marketing although the Fat Tire brand has a bloodline straight from the enterprise's ethical beliefs and practices, the firm's work is not done. They must continually re-examine ethical, social and environmental responsibilities. In 2004, New Belgium received the Environmental Protection Agency's regional Environmental Achievement Award. It was both an honor and a motivator not to rest on our naturally raised laurels. There are still many ways for NB to improve as a corporate citizen. They still don't produce an organic beer. The manufacturing process is a fair distance from being zero waste or emission free. There will always be a need for more public dialogue on avoiding alcohol abuse. Practically speaking, they have a neverending to-do list. NBB also must acknowledge that as their annual sales increase, the challenges for the brand to remain on a human scale and culturally authentic will increase too. How to boldly grow the brand while maintaining its humble feel has always been a challenge. Every six-pack of New Belgium Beer displays the phrase, â€Å"In this box is our labor of love, we feel incredibly lucky to be creating something fine that enhances people’s lives. † Although Jeff Lebesch has â€Å"semi-retired† from the company to focus on other interests, the founders of New Belgium hope this statement captures the spirit of the company. According to employee Dave Kemp, NBB’s environmental concern and social responsibility give it a competitive advantage because consumers want to believe in and feel good about the products they purchase. NBB’s most important asset is its image—a corporate brand that stands for quality, responsibility, and concern for society. Defining itself as more than just a beer company, the brewer also sees itself as a caring organization that is concerned with all stakeholders, including the community, the environment, and employees. Sources: These facts are from Greg Owsley, â€Å"The Necessity For Aligning Brand With Corporate Ethics,† in Sheb L. True, Linda Ferrell, O. C. Ferrell, â€Å"Fulfiling Our Obligation, Perspectives on Teaching Business Ethics,† Kennesaw State University Press 2005. p. 128-132. New Belgium website http://www. newbelgium. com/sustainability. php. and http://www. newbelgium. com/philanthropy. php. (accessed May 17, 2006) Peter Asmus, â€Å"Goodbye Coal, Hello Wind,† Business Ethics, 13 (July/Aug. 1999): 10–11; Robert Baun, â€Å"What’s in a Name? Ask the Makers of Fat Tire,† [Fort Collins] Coloradoan, Oct. 8, 2000, pp. E1, E3; Rachel Brand, â€Å"Colorado Breweries Bring Home 12 Medals in Festival,† Rocky Mountain News, www. insidedenver. com/news/1008beer6. shtml, (accessed Nov. 6, 2000); Stevi Deter, â€Å"Fat Tire Amber Ale,† The Net Net, www. thenetnet. com/reviews/fat. html (accessed Apr. 29, 2003); DirtWorld. com, www. dirtworld. com/races/Colorado_race745. htm (accessed Nov. 6, 2000); Robert F. Dwyer and John F. Tanner Jr. , Business Marketing (Irwin McGraw-Hill, 1999), p. 04; â€Å"Fat Tire Amber Ale,† Achwiegut (The Guide to Austrian Beer), www. austrianbeer. com/beer/b000688. shtml, (accessed Jan. 19, 2001); â€Å"Four Businesses Honored with Prestigious International Award for Outstanding Marketplace Ethics,† Better Business Bureau, press release, Sept. 23, 2002, www. bbb. org/alerts/2002torchwinners. asp; Del I. Hawkins, Roger J. Best, and Kenneth A. Coney, Consumer Behavior: Buil ding Marketing Strategy, 8th ed. (Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2001); David Kemp, Tour Connoisseur, New Belgium Brewing Company, personal interview by Nikole Haiar, Nov. 1, 2000, 1:00 PM; Julie Gordon, â€Å"Lebesch Balances Interests in Business, Community,† Coloradoan, Feb. 26, 2003; New Belgium Brewing Company, Ft. Collins, CO, www. newbelgium. com (accessed Apr. 29, 2003); New Belgium Brewing Company Tour by Nikole Haiar, Nov. 20, 2000, 2:00 PM; â€Å"New Belgium Brewing Wins Ethics Award,† Denver Business Journal, Jan. 2, 2003, http://denver. bizjournals. com/denver/stories/2002/12/30/daily21. html; and Dan Rabin, â€Å"New Belgium Pours It on for Bike Riders,† Celebrator Beer News, Aug. /Sept. 1998, www. celebrator. com/9808/rabin. html

Workplace Advocacy - 1875 Words

Introduction In a profession where others health and well-being are priority, there leaves room for neglect of those who are delegated to care for these people. As a professional nurse, there are many obstacles that arise and affect the care provided to a patient, as well as the livelihood of the nurse. The current deteriorating and unsafe staffing conditions in hospitals and other institutions prompts workplace advocacy as the universally appropriate concept for maintaining professional nursing practice. The Arkansas Nurses Association and the Louisiana State Nurses Association define workplace advocacy as a planned, organized system of services and resources designed to support the professional nurse in the workplace (White Paper on†¦show more content†¦Hess, discusses shared governance involvement with the nursing shortage that healthcare facilities are now facing. Hess focused on the purpose of shared governance, which is to give registered nurses control over their practice. This w ill help ensure nurse involvement in the workplace. In expressing his struggle, Hess clearly defines shared governance with the order of structures and processes involved within each organization (Hess, 2004). However, he does agree with its purpose that nursing shared governance helps with every situation a nurse may encounter in the healthcare setting. The following article further evaluates workplace advocacy in a way that relates to shared governance. In an article entitled, Common Denominators: Shared Governance and Workplace Advocacy-Strategies for Nurses to Gain Control over Their Practice, Green, and Jordan explore the concepts of shared governance and workplace advocacy. According to Green (2004), organizations implementing shared governance concentrate on having a partnership between the organization and the employees. Shared governance concentrates on the micro level, which is the internal aspect of workplace policies (Green, 2004). In contrast to shared governance, work place advocacy focuses on both micro and macro levels, which are external. These external policies consist of local, state, or federal policies (Green, 2004). SomeShow MoreRelatedAdvocacy Core Units 301 304 Learner pac Essay27222 Words   |  109 PagesQualification in Advocacy 7566 Certificate in Independent Advocacy Self Study Pack to accompany Core Modules 301 302 303 304 Purpose and Principles of Independent Advocacy Providing Effective Independent Advocacy Support Maintaining the Advocacy Relationship Providing Advocacy to a Range of Different Groups of People  © Kate Mercer Training www.katemercer-training.com 1 Learner Resource Pack  © Kate Mercer Training www.katemercer-training.com 2 Welcome to the learner pack which will supportRead MoreAarp1008 Words   |  5 Pagesinterest group mainly because it is a non-profit organization. Its three main policy goals are: 1. Economic security for the elderly 2. Affordable comprehensive health care for all 3. Improvements in attitudes regarding the elderly in the workplace Research on elderly needs and the state of the economy, as well as a large volunteer network all help the AARP to influence thousands of potential members each year. It is the oldest, most successful, and largest interest group to date. TheRead MoreImplementing Integrated Community Planning And Coordination883 Words   |  4 Pagesthe first aid course to their existing workplace as Marriott has a supported employment industry where over 50 people work. It is hoped that Central Bayside Community Health will then conduct the courses for people with a disability in the community. â€Æ' Objective 4: To work with existing support providers to enhance their capacity to provide relevant and appropriate supports in the community. Focus Area: 2 Advocacy Speak Up Advocacy Overview Self-Advocacy Resource Unit (SARU) approached BaysideRead MoreEssay on Workplace Bullying1084 Words   |  5 Pages Workplace Bullying Angela Barbato BUS 600 Management Professor Frank Bucaria February 8, 2014 Workplace bulling is abusive behavior that creates an intimidating and uncomfortable work environment that affects another person or persons safety or well-being (Qualia Soup, 2014). The article Workplace Bullying: Costly and Preventable by Wiedmer, T.L. (2011) discusses work place bullying and its effects on productivity and the work environment. Workplace bullingRead MoreUnit 22 Level 3 Health and Social Care4073 Words   |  17 PagesImplementing adult procedures in Wales The Human Rights Act 1998 became law in Briton in 2000 and its articles and protocols, give all people constitutional rights that were intended to prevent discrimination and unfair treatment, echoing and the idea of advocacy: Being able to say what I like as long as I respect others. Making choices about my life. Expecting people to listen to me. Having information about my rights. Having my rights respected. Being safe at home and having time to myselfRead MoreCombination of Required Skills: The Nurse Leader and Nurse Advocate in the Workplace1029 Words   |  4 PagesRequired Skills: The Nurse Leader And Nurse Advocate In The Workplace Introduction This work intends to examine the combination of skills needed in combining the role of nurse leadership and nurse advocate in the workplace. Toward this end, this study will conduct a review of the literature in this area of inquiry and report findings on what has been garnered during the course of the study. I. Shared Governance and Work Place Advocacy The work of Green and Jordan (2004) reports that the futureRead MoreThe Importance Of Need For Achievement As A Motivation Driver1606 Words   |  7 Pagesfoundation and management to realize with a need for achievement of every individual in enhancing satisfaction, advocacy and employee performance. Therefore, Adventist Hospital foundation and leaders can use this study as keys to determine the factors of achievement that should be rewarded to employees in order to enhance and rectify their satisfaction, advocacy and job performance at their workplace. These study findings are important for managers and human resource management department to recognize andRead MoreUnit 10 purposes and principles of independent advocacy hsc713 Words   |  3 PagesUnit 10: Purpose and Principles of Independent Advocacy Unit code: Advo 301 Unit reference number: M/502/3146 QCF level: 3 Credit value: 4 Guided learning hours: 25 Unit summary This unit aims to provide learners with an understanding of what independent advocacy is and how to use the values and principles which underpin good practice. The unit focuses on the different models of advocacy, their history and why they exist. Assessment requirements This unit must be assessed in accordanceRead MoreAdvocacy and the Mentally Ill1477 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Advocacy and the Mentally Ill Summer Fleming BSHS/442 January 13, 2014 Dr. Elizabeth Thompson Advocacy and the Mentally Ill The American mentally ill population faces numerous barriers to acquiring basic services that those without mental illness receive daily. Advocating for the mentally ill population gives a voice to those who cannot voice their problems or may not know how. Mental illness is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. Individuals who are not properly diagnosed cannotRead MoreEducation: Nursing and Clinical Nurse Leader Essay792 Words   |  4 Pages Reference American Association of College of Nursing (2012).White Paper on The Role of the Clinical Nurse Leader Retrived from: http://www.aacn.nche.edu/publications/white-papers/cnl Question 2 Identify advocacy strategies that you can use to create change in your current workplace. Answer 1 In a profession where others health and well-being are priority, there leaves room for neglect of those who are delegated to care for these people. As a professional nurse, there are many obstacles

The Feminist Art Movement During The 20th Century

The feminist art movement, stemming from the second wave of feminism mid 20th century, brought passionate and talented works of art in performance, protest, and exhibits of feminist culture and gender equality. Certain groups, such as the Guerilla Girls, were exceptionally effective with their tactics and force of commitment to passion on the injustices of women, or basic gender in equality, in the art world, and extending beyond just that world. This movement echoed the voices and the complaints of the women of the second wave by pursuing alternate forms of protest and educational performance art to make waves and send messages about these boundaries. By using art and activism together, these fearless and strong women groups and artists were able to make marks and large steps towards a broader understanding and revolution of justice in the sexist world we live in. The Guerrilla Girls are self defined, with one simple google search, as â€Å"A group of female artists, writers, performers, and other arts professionals who fight discrimination through humor, activism, and the arts.† They fused art and activism by calling attention to the injustices that were very present in the art world surrounding female artists, and female subjects of art in broader concepts in the 1980’s and from then on out. â€Å"From the beginning, they characterized themselves as the ‘conscience of the art world’ and their activities as ‘public service messages’† (Withers 285.) The Guerilla Girls calledShow MoreRelatedARTS 125 Week 5 Assignment Art And Culture Paper858 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Art and Culture Liliana Gonzalez ART/125 May 11, 2015 Joseph Blomer University of Phoenix Abstract Art has evolved in ways only one can imagine, however; their imagination does not have to go far because all one has to do is turn on the computer and connect to the World Wide Web to get information on everything. Architecture, sculpture, and painting has been around for ages, then photography made its way on to the art scene in the 1820’s and has taken leaps and bounds to establishRead MoreThe Movements of the 20th Century Culture Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 20th century? A century that was full of many innovations; most importantly, these events made a tremendous impact in our lives as of today. The 20th century contributed an abundance of improvements to our culture. In addition, the progressions of the advancement helped society lives to better, such as the industrialization, the remarkable inventions that made our lives easier. Nevertheless, the 20th century presented a copious amount of remarkable artists that introduced us to many arts thatRead MoreRevolution ary Ideas Can Be Proposed Through Art And Design1706 Words   |  7 Pagesz5093534 Deep Dutta Revolutionary ideas can be proposed through art and design. Compare and contrast two revolutionary creative works, one from the 20th century and one from the 21st century. How has the context contributed to the approach, medium and presentation of the works? Leo Tolstoy described art as â€Å"one of the means of intercourse between man and man† in his book, ‘What is Art?’(1897).This is true when we stand beside strangers in an art gallery, and gaze at an artist’s work. One might praise theRead MoreThe Evolution of Gender Roles and its Role in Society1505 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluenced society. The slow progress of woman’s rights throughout humanities led to an explosion of woman’s rights throughout the 20th century and that trend will only continue on into the rest of the 21st century. First, it is important to understand how gender roles first differentiated amongst males and females in prehistoric cultures and the civilizations thereafter. During the Paleolithic period (ca. 6 million to 10,000 B.C.E) the earliest of humankind lived a nomadic way of life (Fiero). Men wereRead MorePost Essay1077 Words   |  5 Pagesy’all! I hope you have all had a good week. Here in London we had a super exciting weekend with a huge amount of snow! London hasn’t had that kind of snow in years according to my husband so this was super exciting for me. It also reminded me of home! During this â€Å"snow storm†, we also ventured out to the Renegade Craft Fair happening all the way out at Brick Lane. It was so great to see some amazing crafters and makers out here doing what they love. We also then had the perfect excuse to hit up the BrickRead MoreThe Feminist Movement in the 20th Century1659 Words   |  7 PagesAs noted by scholars such as Robinson (2001), t he feminist movement of the 20th century was motivated by social and political movement in the United States; the purpose of the movement was to establish women equality. This movement was a success as it transformed the women lives and was able to exert profound impact on the American society. The first two decades had marked emergence of women groups that aimed to attain women suffrage, pushing for constitutional amendments for women to be guaranteedRead Morecritical evaluation essay764 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 102 Effectiveness in Writing September 18, 2014 Critical Evaluation Essay â€Å"Now We Can Begin† an essay by Crystal Eastman is a very powerful essay. Eastman makes the point know in her essay that an honest and true feminist no matter where she stands in the movement she will see to the woman’s fight with strength and courage and how it   matters in the future and as well as its difference in its approach for the workers fight for industrial freedom. Eastman state â€Å"In fighting for the rightRead MoreLessons Learnt From the Great Depression and Progressive Era1386 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican history began slightly before the turn of the 20th century and continued into the second decade of the 20th century, ending around the beginning of World War I. The Great Depression of 20th century American occurred in 1929 and the more intense short-term effects lasted up and through World War II. The paper will scrutinize specific events of this period providing insight, elaboration, and analysis. One major turning point during this period of American history was the significant changesRead MoreWomen s Rights On The Grounds Of Political, Social, And Economic Equality973 Words   |  4 Pageswould label the above quote under the general idea of feminism which is actually defined as the advocacy of women s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men. Feminism played a much larger role in the arts of the 18th and 19th century than most realize, possibly because it was not as prevalent or discussed because it was considered disrespectful. The idea of a woman becoming an artist academically was something to laugh about. Why was there no gender equality in theRead MoreThe Critical Race Theory ( Crt )921 Words   |  4 Pages The Critical Race Theory (CRT) began as a form of legal studies by liberals and turned into a movement. The movement is a collection of activists and scholars interested in studying and transforming the relationship between race, racism, and power. The movement walks a similar path as conventional civil rights studies; however, they look at an even broader perspective, such as economics, history, context, and even self-interest. â€Å"Race, Gender, and Social class are all common interests in our American

Mastering Biology - 2489 Words

CHAPTER 8 1) DNA is found in structures called ______. -chromosomes 2) A(n) ______ is an example of an organism that can reproduce asexually. -amoeba 3)+++ Examine the figure below. Nucleosomes are made of ______. - DNA wrapped around histone proteins 4)++ As shown in the following figure, plant cell cytokinesis differs from animal cell cytokinesis because - Plant cells form a cell plate and animal cells do not 5)The chromosomes of eukaryotic cells are found in the _____ -Nucleus 6) Chromatin consists of _____ - DNA and protein 7) A duplicated chromosome consists of two ___ -sister chromatids 8) Sister chromatids are joined at the _ -centromere 9) Which of the following occurs during interphase? - Chromosome duplication 10) The cell cycle†¦show more content†¦-2n-1 49)+++ Mitosis occurs in _____; meiosis occurs in _____ - somatic or body cells ... germ cells in the testes or ovaries Looking through a light microscope at a cell undergoing division, you see that the condensed - metaphase of mitosis Fertilization joins _____ to produce a ___ -haploid gametes ... diploid zygote Duplication of the chromosomes to produce sister chromatids _ - occurs in both mitosis and meiosis If it werent for _____, chromosome number would double with every generation of sexual reproduction. - meiosis 50)+++ The function(s) of meiosis is/are _ - reproduction (production of gametes) Looking through a light microscope at a cell undergoing meiosis, -meiosis I Meiosis starts with _____ cells and produces _____ gametes. - diploid ... haploid Meiosis is typically accomplished in ___ - three steps. All of the chromosomes are duplicated in a diploid cell, The _____ separate in meiosis I; the _____ separate in meiosis II. - homologous chromosomes ... sister chromatids Chapter 9 Hypophosphatemia (vitamin D-resistant rickets) is inherited as an sex-linked dominant trait. The relevant gene is found on the X chromosome -All of their daughters and none of their sons exhibit hypophosphatemia What is the key to the recognition of incomplete dominance? -The phenotype of the heterozygote falls between the phenotypes of the homozygotes Round seeds (R) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (r), and yellow seeds (Y) are dominant -1:1:1:1 In humans, theShow MoreRelatedSenior Secondary Mastering Biology Textbook Answers5629 Words   |  23 PagesNew Senior Secondary Mastering Biology Textbook answer Book 1A p.1/23 Suggested answers to Exercise and Reading to learn (Note: The overseas examination boards bear no responsibilities for the suggested answers contained in this publication. Answers for HKCEE and HKALE questions are not available due to copyright restrictions.) Ch 1 Introducing biology Exercise Multiple-choice questions (p. 1-15) 1 4 C B 2 5 D A 3 B Short questions (p. 1-15) 6 Organisms can obtain food by nutrition; break downRead MoreBecoming A Doctor For The Medical Field1639 Words   |  7 PagesEver since I was six years old, I already knew that I wanted to pursue a career in the medical field. Although I excel more in Mathematics, I always find the field of Science, specifically Biology and Anatomy and Physiology, extremely interesting and informing. Perhaps, it is due to the idea that these subjects require a huge amount of memorizing, which I personally enjoy doing. Also, I appreciate its challenging nature, and the fact that the information it has keeps changing and improving everytimeRead MoreEuthanasia765 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿WILLIAM PATERSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE HEALTH DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY 1. TITLE OF COURSE AND COURSE NUMBER: BIO 1630; General Biology; Number of Credits: 4 2. DEPARTMENT AND SECRETARYS TELEPHONE NUMBER AND E-MAIL ADDRESS: Biology Department Secretaries: Georgeann Russo, russog@wpunj.edu, 720-2265 Nancy Malba, malban@wpunj.edu, 720-2245 3. SEMESTER OFFERED: Spring 2014 4. PROFESSORS CONTACT INFORMATION Dr. Carey Waldburger Science Hall East Rm 4052, Telephone:Read MoreEvidence of my Competence in Academics and Meeting Personal Obligations as a Teacher1410 Words   |  6 Pageswork is a real struggle. My B was just enough to propel myself into staying with the honors program for math. Sophomore and junior year I earned an A in the math classes at the honors level. Another struggle Freshman year was honors biology. Life sciences, like biology, are not my strongest areas and my work ethic just was not there. I earned an 81% which resulted in a C. That C took me out of the honors science classes. That grade was an eye opening experience and may have helped me grow up fasterRead MoreJean Piaget And Albert Bandura946 Words   |  4 Pagesknown for pioneering the research on how environmental variable influences how people relate to each other. His Social Cognitive Theory pioneered learned behavior (Pajares, 2001) His theory on Cognitive Developmental Theory in a nutshell was how biology influences how children conceptualize and deal with task at different stages while growing up. Piaget’s theory focuses more on how children’s behavioral changes as they grow and how the children interact with their environment. For easy understandingRead MoreWhy Is Human Progress?1677 Words   |  7 Pagesthe group, and as such, every skill is performed far more efficiently. One human knowing how to hunt decently, or make clothes decently, or build a house decently will only result in that—decency. But one human mastering hunting, and another mastering clothes-making, and another mastering carpentry will form a collective knowledge; because each human is supporting each other, they’re able to specialize their skillset and contribute more to the overall knowledge of the group. In this way, humansRead MoreFreud Vs Frankl And Freud1323 Words   |  6 Pagesalso granting the opportunity to transcend the self. Discovered as a means of survival throughout his time as a concentration camp inmate during the Holocaust, Frankl found that it was possible to take a stand against the confines of our natural biology, overcoming these limitations to make the autonomous choice of self-transcendence. He found that, even under the most extreme and terrible circumstances, we as a species are capable of overcoming our baser instincts, to reach out beyond ourselvesRead MoreEnglish Should Be Made as the Medium of Instruction of Scool in Mlaysia935 Words   |  4 Pagesregard to this apparent turn around in the policy had immediately sparked off. Thus, I would like to support the side where English should be made as the medium of instruction in school. There are some reasons to support my view. First of all, mastering English help us to face the problem of globalization. Nowadays, we need to compete with the people around the world due to the widespread of internet. All the commercial activities are carried out by using the internet and normally English act asRead MoreThe Examination Of Forensic Science1553 Words   |  7 Pagesforensic science however is a comprehensive discipline and can be fragmented down into numerous classifications. Forensic science can be distributed into such groupings as forensic psychology, forensic anthropology, forensic biology, and even, but not limited to forensic biology. The examination of forensic chemistry is unbelievably beneficial since it can be used in many aspects in life and can even be considered as a career path. One of the prime professional openings for a path in forensic chemistryRead MoreEducation During The United States988 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents that the practice problems and vocabulary would help us more than e nough for the tests. She somehow was wrong; on the quizzes or tests I witnessed problems and words I’ve never even seen before. Ultimately I gave up on the class and instead of mastering physics, I mastered the Apple iPhone game called flow. I failed physics and ended up having to repeat the course at the second high school I attended; a private school called Chicago Christian high school. At Chicago Christian, I finished off

Identity and image free essay sample

Image can be defined as a reproduction or an imitation of something or as a mental picture or impression of something (Merriam Webster Online Dictionary, 2011). Most images are hard to distinguish because it is based on subjective perception and opinion. The forever-changing image of nursing is an example of how subjective perceptions affect the profession. Different stereotypes engraved and the portrayal in the media of nursing can influence the image of the profession. The roles of these aspects including the lack of uniformity of nursing will be discussed. Nurse Stereotypes In the profession of nursing many stereotypes arise. The mixed connotations of these stereotypes cause confusing images of nurses. Some stereotypes are angel of mercy and sex bombshell. Stereotypes of the male nurse will also be discussed. Nurses described as angels of mercy can be dated back as far as the era of the Crimean War (Huston, 2014, p. 329). The angel of mercy image is saint-like, going â€Å"above and beyond† caring for the sick. When one thinks of an angel of mercy, Florence Nightingale comes to mind. She cared for the injured and sick during the Crimean War. In 2011 there was an ad by Kaiser Permanente portraying the nurse as an angel of mercy. In the ad Kaiser Permanente’s depiction of nurses is as follows, â€Å"nurse means noble. Nurse means selfless†¦Nurses are nurses because their capacity to care is colossal† (Truth About Nursing. 2011). With positive features of the angel of mercy there are negative features as well. Some may believe this stereotype hurts the profession. The angel of mercy title may mean to some as a nurse being herculean, phenomenal, or superhuman. These characteristics can be misleading, portraying nurses as overly extraordinary making it complicated if they fail. The sex bombshell stereotype of nurses conveys negative attention to the profession. The â€Å"sexy nurse† wears short skirts, thigh high stockings, red lipstick, and tight tops showing off their breasts. The â€Å"sexy nurse† can be seen throughout the media during the 1960s and 1970s. M*A*S*H (1970) depicted a nurse, â€Å"Hot Lips† Houlihan as seductive. This illustration was demeaning, bringing negative attention to the profession when the profession was beginning to be recognized. More interest was given to the sexuality of the bombshell nurse than their skill and expertise. The negative attention in M*A*S*H (1970) downgraded the profession of nursing paving the way for the unconstructive portrayal of nurses in shampoo and gum commercials (Huston, 2014, p. 331). Male nurses are also stereotyped. They can be viewed as homosexual, hypersexual, non-achievers, less compassionate, and less caring (Huston, 2014, p. 333). Homosexuality is a common label of male nurses because nursing is seen as a predominately female occupation. Male nurses seen as hypersexual can be a result of some thinking that the only reason males become nurses are to feed their sexual arousal. Being in close quarters to the deprived and weak may entice the hypersexual nurse resulting in bad behavior. The â€Å"non-achiever† may also be a stereotype of the male nurse. Traditionally, nursing was seen as a female occupation, not mixed gender. In an article describing the roles of the nurse it is said that, â€Å"men were doctors and women were nurses. Doctors diagnosed and treated patients; nurses cared for the needs of patients† (Connolly, 2008). Males in nursing could be seen as compliant not going the extra mile in obtaining a doctorate degree. Also male nurses may be seen as mediocre and not qualified (Huston, 2014, p. 333). Take for instance the movie Meet the Parents in 2000. The movie’s main character, a male nurse was depicted as a non-achiever because he was compliant and happy in his position as nurse. These stereotypes of the male nurse make it hard for the profession to recruit males. Nursing in the Media Many stereotypes in nursing stem from the media. Shows such as â€Å"ER†, â€Å"Nurse Jackie†, â€Å"Grey’s Anatomy†, and most recently, â€Å"Scrubbing In† depicts nurses in a non-professional manner. Inappropriately, this can make a negative impact on the future prospects in nursing, and the way society portrays nursing. â€Å"Scrubbing In†, is a reality show that first aired on Oct 24, 2013. The premise of the show is to follow the lives of travel nurses as they fulfill an assignment in California . Unfortunately, instead of highlighting the effort nurses make in caring for their patients, the show airs scenes of the nurses arguing, getting drunk, partying, and exposing themselves to other people. Karen A. Daley, president of the American Nurses Association (ANA), wrote a letter to Music Television (MTV) expressing her great disappointment in the way the show depicted the nursing profession . In the letter, Ms. Daley mentioned that nurses have an increase in responsibility every day in healthcare and when media displays the nursing profession as â€Å"MTV† did with â€Å"Scrubbing In,† it can severely impair future nursing recruitment and increase the nursing shortage . She also mentioned that the image of nursing could become inaccurate to patients who need to trust and rely on the nurse to provide excellent care . Nursing image by means of the Internet, can be distorted, and alter the perception of the nursing profession. Many images on Google between the years of 2001 to 2004 were found to be sexually suggestive and degrading, with women exposing cleavage in their scrub tops, wearing fishnet stockings, and garter belts (Huston, 2014). Unfortunately, when we conducted the same search, we have to concur that these images do exist even still in 2013 . The negative depiction of nurses in the media sparked a group of John Hopkins University graduate nursing students to formulate the, â€Å"Center for Nursing Advocacy† which was unsuccessful due to legal technicalities (Huston, 2014). Although that organization didn’t excel, Sandy Summers who belonged to that same group of graduate students created a new organization called, â€Å"Truth About Nursing (Huston, 2014).† The purpose of this organization is to foster growth, strengthen the nursing profession, educate, research, and improve the healthcare system (Huston, 2014). Nursing stereotypes are still well ingrained, and tend to establish itself at an early age. By the age of three years old, gender roles and future careers begins to be present (Huston, 2014). Interestingly, boys will consider â€Å"high-status† female jobs just as much as a â€Å"low-status† male job, but the girls tend to consider female jobs only (Huston, 2014). Promoting positive, non-gender bias nursing images during the early elementary school-age, can heighten a young boy’s perceptions of nursing, thus increasing the likelihood of men entering the profession as an adult (Huston, 2014). Implications for Practice The numerous stereotypes of nurses are an issue in the profession. These stereotypes lead to the confusion that â€Å"old stereotypes of nurses as overbearing, brainless, sexually promiscuous, and incompetent† (Huston, 2014, p. 328). We have learned as the profession grows negative historical characteristics of the nurse need to be forgotten. They bring harmful attention to nurses making it difficult for the profession to be taken serious. In day-to-day practice we need to shed light on the positive, constructive attributes of nurses like, caring, skillful, and competent. As Karen Daley stated in her letter to MTV, the negative images influence the attitudes of clients . But it also negatively impacts the perception of other healthcare providers, politicians, and policy makers (Huston, 2014). This led to our professional growth by encouraging us to become active in creating a positive image of the nursing profession. We all will have worked hard for our degree and have experienced many ups and down, so it is upsetting that the media can make a few shows, and it automatically creates a negative stigma on the nursing profession. Nursing is a profession One of the first necessary steps needed to be made is reclaiming the title â€Å"nurse†. Currently the term nurse is used very loosely with individuals who are not incensed to practice as a nurse using the term. â€Å"The International Council of Nurses (ICN) stated that the term â€Å"nurse† should be protected by law and applied to and used only by those legally authorized to practice the full scope of nursing† (ICN, 2004). Protection of the title â€Å"nurse† would also warrant for the discontinuation of its use by UAP’s. Commonly, patients are confused as to who really is the registered nurse because most of the staff refers to themselves as nurses. Reclaiming the title means that only the registered nurse can use the title and confusion regarding who the nurse truly is will diminish. As a future nurse, in day-to-day practice we plan to display a high degree of professionalism, while keeping in mind that image is essential. We want others outside of the profession to know that nursing is about teamwork, skill, professionalism, and privileges . Most importantly, there is a distinct difference between how nursing is portrayed on camera versus how nursing is in reality. In conclusion, we are aware that there is not just one single thing that can be done that will change the image of nurses. It will take many different aspects and approaches to change the nursing image in the public’s eyes. As future nurses we must remain aware of the issue and work hard to uphold nursing as a profession.

The Winters Tale Bohemian Scenes Essay Example

The Winters Tale Bohemian Scenes Essay The two statements agree on the fact that the Bohemian scenes contrast with those based in Sicilia, but offer conflicting views as to the importance and usefulness of the scenes.It is important to highlight these contrasts. The scenes differ in two main ways. First is the natural setting of those in Bohemia with the formal courtliness of Sicilia.The most obvious portrayal of this contrast is through the characterisation and staging of the play. While the Sicilian scenes are based in Leontes grand court with two kings and Queen Hermione, daughter of the Emperor of Russia, surrounded by Lords and attendants. In Bohemia the audience is shown a sheep-shearing festival, watched by truly rural characters such as the Shepherd and his son, the Clown.On a more analytical level, this contrast is also made evident through the lines and language of the characters. In Sicilia, Polixenes announces:My ships are ready, andMy people did expect my hence departureTwo days ago.In two lines he has shown his importance and grandeur through his reference to his ships and his people. Equally, the fact that his people expect something of him shows his significance.When he is in Bohemia, however, we find him discussing the far more rustic subject of gillyvors. Admittedly, this conversation does have a more kingly ulterior motive, but nevertheless, it is unlikely that such a subject matter would ever arise in Sicilia. Even by looking at just one characters behaviour in the two states, we can still highlight the difference.It is also possible to compare the diction of the characters. The Clowns is the most colloquial of all those present in Bohemia:Let me see, every leven wether tods, every tod yields poundand odd shilling, fifteen hundred shorn, what comes the woolto?He speaks in simple-minded prose, colloquially missing the e from eleven and he uses rustic farming-terms such as tod. His peculiar syntax (what comes the wool to?) would lead a director to using a West Country accent, furth er emphasising his rural background.In Sicilia, the language is much more formal. Polixenes pleads: press me not, beseech you. This stilted diction is commonplace and the various members of the court refer to each other formally as sir. An easy difference in language for the audience to notice is that the members of the court of higher importance tend to speak in the traditionally formal iambic pentameter.A second contrast, and one that relates closely to the wintry gloom referenced in the second statement, is the contrast between Leontes poisoned love and the pure love shared by Florizel and Perdita.The audiences introduction to the young lovers at the beginning of act 4 scene 4 is a particularly romantic conversation as the pair exchange compliments. Florizel tells Perdita that she is no shepherdess, but Flora peering in Aprils front. This epic analogy of comparing her to the Roman goddess of flowers shows the magnitude of his infatuation. Perditas gracious and modest reply portra ys her as pure: Sir, my gracious lord,To chide at your extremes it becomes not meHer reference to him as a gracious lord echoes the respect ad dignity with which her mother referred to her father at the plays opening (sir and lord). This purity is further emphasised by her worry later in the scene that Autolycus may use scurrilous words ins tunes.The purity of their relationship is also shown through the Shepherds observation. He tells a disguised Polixenes:For never gazed the moonUpon the water as hell stand and readAs twere my daughters eyes: and, to be plain.I think there is not half a kiss to chooseWho loves another best.His analogy with the moon also shows their natural deposition. Equally, Shakespeares use of half a kiss as a unit of measurement is beautifully romantic.This romanticism is certainly no longer present between Leontes and Hermione (in one direction at least). He does refer to his initial love for Hermione when he states that she never spokst to better purpose tha n when she told him that: I am yours for ever. This soon deteriorates into maddened jealousy:Inch-thick, knee-deep, oer head and ears a forked one![To Mamillius] Go play, boy, play: thy mother playsHere is one of the strongest examples of the infection of his brains. His reference to a forked one is him being cuckolded by his wife. The trochaic inch-thick, knee-deep gives the speech a trochaic start and a slightly obtuse rhythm, which only emphasises his madness. When he tells Mamillius to play, his mind instantly leaps back to his supposedly adulteress wife. This shows how completely overcome his mind is.Now that these contrasts have been established, we must determine whether or not they are a distraction and whether the contrast is welcome. I feel that the purpose of the Bohemia scenes is to advance the audiences knowledge of (and relationship with) the plays other characters so that the oracles prediction can be fulfilled and fully appreciated.Despite their aforementioned differ ences, Shakespeare maintains their relevance via the themes that run through both parts of the play. Perdita, for example, is a fusion of the two worlds. She has noble blood and dignity, shown through her diction and blank verse, but lives a rustic lifestyle due to her Bohemian upbringing. This is best summed up by Camillo as her being the queen of curds and cream. The juxtaposition of queen with curds and cream highlights her awkward position between the two worlds. She is vital as she is the element that will eventually unite the play.A further overlapping feature is a kings fall to madness. Just as Leontes does in the first half of the play, Polixenes becomes tyrannous regarding his sons relationship with Perdita, which is ironic. When he finally decides to shed his disguise and reveal himself, he announces that he will hang the Shepherd, that he dare not call his son, sir and the particularly far-fetched accusation that Perdita is enchanted and used witchcraft to obtain his sons affection. I feel that the main significance of this is that it allows us to show that what happened to Leontes can happen to anyone. In the initial acts of the play, Shakespeare established a feeling of sympathy towards the falsely accused Polixenes. By showing that even those characters who the audience respects can succumb to tyranny, we feel more sympathetic towards Leontes as if it was an infection, which couldnt be helped. Thus, the audience feels that, due to his repentance, his wife being returned to him is deserved.It is the presence of Camillo that most strongly maintains Sicilia in the back of the audiences mind as he serves a similar role in both regions. In the context of a dramatic devise, Camillo is used to unite Leontes, Polixenes and Florizel and Perdita, which inadvertently allows Paulina the opportune moment to reveal Hermione. As he tells us that his reason for returning to dear Sicilia and his master is his thirst to see them (rather than to neatly tie the play together) the need to suspend disbelief is lowered slightly.On top of these three, linking factors, the Bohemia scenes, by way of offering a contrast, emphasise those events of the Sicilia scenes, thus making them even more effective. The nature of Bohemia emphasising Sicilias courtliness while Leontes infected love allows the audience to witness what Florizel and Perditas relationship would be like, were it not so pure.The more light-hearted side of the scenes allows Shakespeare to avoid the play becoming too tragic, which is an aspect he wished to avoid with his Late Plays (or Romances), which he wanted to be a sort of tragi-comedy. The amusing and gentle irony of Autolycus warning to the Clown: there are cozeners abroad; therefore it behoves men to be wary is a necessary break from the deeply gloomy end to the Sicilian scenes that involved the deaths of both the Kings son and wife as well as the episode in which he denounces his innocent newborn daughter to be a bastard. The tur ning point between the tragedy and the comedy is the now infamous stage direction Exit pursued by a bear. Due to the fact that his crosses the borders of both tragedy and comedy, it can be performed to emphasise the sad loss of Archidamus or the humorous ridiculousness of the bears presence.I feel that the Bohemia scenes are certainly significant as, through their contrast, they highlight the wrongdoings of the scenes that proceeded them, but also invite some sympathy and understanding for Leontes position, similar to the feelings felt by Paulina over the 16 years skipped in act 4 scene 1 that reach an essential point in act 5 as she feels that he now deserves to have his wife returned to him. Equally, he vitally manages to lift the mood of the play as one based solely in Sicilia would stray from the atmosphere he wished to establish. Through a careful use of characters and themes, which are present in both Bohemia and Sicilia, Shakespeare maintains their relevance while avoiding th em becoming a distraction.